Unit I
Lesson 1: Communication:
Definition, Nature and Scope
Definition of Communication:
Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, emotions,
and meanings between individuals or groups through mutually understood symbols
or channels.
It involves a sender, a message, a medium, a receiver, and feedback.
Nature (Characteristics) of
Communication
Process-Oriented
Communication is continuous and dynamic. It evolves with context and
relationship.
Two-way (Interactive)
Modern communication emphasizes feedback. Understanding is more
important than message delivery.
Goal-oriented
Purpose may be to inform, persuade, entertain, educate, or build
relationships.
Symbolic
Uses language, signs, gestures, images, sounds to convey meaning.
Contextual
Meaning depends on cultural, social, psychological, and physical
contexts.
Human & Social Activity
People communicate to express identity, build relationships, and
coordinate actions.
Irreversible
Once communicated, a message cannot be taken back.
Pervasive/Universal
Communication occurs everywhere—home, workplace, media, society.
Requires Understanding
True communication happens only when the receiver understands the
message.
Can be Verbal or Non-verbal
Words, tone, body language, eye contact, silence—all communicate.
Scope of Communication
The scope of communication is wide because it influences almost every
domain of human life:
A. Based on Forms
Intrapersonal Communication – communication within oneself.
Interpersonal Communication – between two or more individuals.
Group Communication – committees, teams, classrooms.
Organizational Communication – internal and external communication in
institutions.
Mass Communication – media, journalism, advertising, social media.
B. Based on Nature of Channels
Verbal Communication – oral and written.
Non-verbal Communication – gestures, posture, expressions.
Visual Communication – graphs, charts, images, films.
Digital Communication – email, WhatsApp, video calls, online platforms.
C. Based on Purpose
Informative Communication – sharing facts or knowledge.
Persuasive Communication – influencing attitudes or behaviour.
Directive Communication – giving instructions or orders.
Motivational Communication – inspiring people.
Emotional/Expressive Communication – expressing feelings.
D. Based on Areas of Application
Education – teaching, learning, student–teacher interaction.
Business & Management – meetings, proposals, marketing.
Healthcare – doctor–patient communication, counselling.
Politics & Public Relations – speeches, campaigns.
Culture & Society – storytelling, rituals, media.
Technology & Globalization – virtual communication, AI, networks.
Lesson 2. Importance of
Communication:
The importance of communication is that it connects people, facilitates
understanding, and builds relationships in both personal and professional life.
Its main purposes are to inform, express feelings, influence others, and
fulfill social needs. Without it, cooperation, problem-solving, and the
transmission of knowledge would be impossible.
Importance of communication
Builds relationships: It is the
foundation for trust and understanding in relationships at home, school, and
work.
Enables problem-solving: It allows people to share ideas, express needs, and work together to
find solutions.
Fosters cooperation and teamwork: Effective communication is essential for coordination and cooperation
among individuals and departments.
Aids in decision-making: It
provides the necessary information and analysis for making informed decisions.
Helps achieve success: Good
communication skills are vital for success in academics, careers, and daily
life.
Passes down knowledge and culture: It is the primary method for sharing information, teaching, and
passing down cultural traditions and values.
Purpose of
communication
To inform: To convey facts, information, and knowledge.
To express feelings: To share emotions, thoughts, and experiences with
others.
To imagine: To create, share, and understand new ideas.
To influence: To persuade, motivate, and lead others.
To meet social expectations: To participate in and fulfill social roles
and norms.
Lesson 3. Types of
Communication
The main types of communication are Verbal (spoken words), Nonverbal
(body language, gestures), Written (text, emails), Visual (images, charts,
videos), and Listening (active interpretation). These methods are used to
convey messages, ideas, and feelings, with each type playing a crucial role in
effective human interaction, from everyday conversation to formal
presentations.
Key Types of Communication
Verbal: Using spoken
words, like talking in meetings, presentations, or phone calls.
Nonverbal: Communicating
through physical cues, such as facial expressions, posture, eye contact, and
gestures.
Written: Sending messages
through text, including emails, reports, messages, and letters.
Visual: Using images,
graphics, videos, and symbols to share information.
Listening: Actively
receiving and understanding messages, often considered a fundamental part of
communication.
Other Important Categories
Interpersonal: Communication
between two or more people, blending verbal and nonverbal elements.
Organizational: Communication
within a business or formal structure.
Electronic: Communication via digital platforms, including social media,
video conferencing, and instant messaging.
Lesson 4. Communication
Techniques:
Active Listening: Active listening
is fully concentrating on, understanding, responding to, and remembering what a
speaker is saying, focusing on their complete message (words, intent, feelings)
rather than just hearing sounds. Key techniques include using non-verbal cues
(eye contact, nodding), asking clarifying questions, paraphrasing what you
heard, and withholding judgment to build trust and deeper understanding.
Empathy and Compassion: Empathy
and compassion in communication involve understanding others' feelings
(empathy) and being moved to help (compassion), creating deeper connections,
trust, and better conflict resolution by using active listening,
perspective-taking, and validating emotions, moving beyond just acknowledging a
problem to genuinely sharing and acting on shared humanity. These skills build
stronger relationships, improve workplace dynamics, and allow for supportive
responses rather than quick fixes, making interactions more authentic and
effective.
Clear and Simple Language: Clear and simple language, also known as plain language, means
communicating so your audience easily understands the message the first time
they read or hear it, by using straightforward words, short sentences, logical
structure, and avoiding jargon to focus on the reader's needs. It involves
being concise, using active voice, organizing information logically with
headings and lists, and choosing common words over complex ones to save time
and build clarity, not "dumbing down".
Visual Aids: Visual aids
(charts, images, videos) and analogies (comparisons to familiar things) are
powerful communication tools that simplify complex ideas, boost engagement, and
improve memory by connecting the unfamiliar to the known, making abstract
concepts concrete and relatable for diverse audiences, from education to
healthcare. They help audiences process information actively, fostering deeper
understanding and retention than words alone.
Shared Decision Making: Shared
Decision Making (SDM) communication is a collaborative process where patients
and clinicians work together, blending medical evidence with the patient's
personal values, goals, and preferences to reach the best healthcare choice,
moving beyond traditional models by empowering patients as active partners
through clear, unbiased communication about options, risks, and benefits.
Effective SDM communication involves asking questions (like "Ask, Share,
Know"), using tools like patient decision aids, ensuring health literacy,
and fostering an environment where both expert knowledge (clinician) and
personal experience (patient) are equally valued.
Nonverbal Communication: Nonverbal
communication is sending messages through actions, expressions, and cues
instead of words, including body language (posture, gestures), facial
expressions, eye contact, touch (haptics), tone of voice, and use of personal
space, often conveying more emotion and meaning than spoken words and vital for
interpreting interactions. It's a constant, subtle process showing genuine
feelings, even contradicting verbal messages, and involves observing cues like
posture, proximity, and expressions to understand deeper meaning.
Feedback: Feedback or
follow-up in communication is the receiver's response to a sender's message,
crucial for making communication a two-way process by confirming understanding,
allowing adjustments, and strengthening relationships, manifesting as verbal
cues (words) or non-verbal cues (nodding, body language). It turns one-way
broadcasting into dialogue, ensuring shared meaning and correcting
misinterpretations, which is vital for growth in personal and professional
settings.
Unit II
Introducing Yourself
Formal Expressions
Used in interviews, meetings,
presentations, or when speaking to elders/teachers.
“Good morning. My name is Ali
Rahman.”
“Hello, I’m Sarah, and I’m a
new student here.”
“Good afternoon. I’d like to
introduce myself. I am Daniel.”
“My name is Aisha Khan, and I
work as a team leader.”
Informal
Expressions
Used with friends, classmates,
or people your age.
“Hi, I’m Ali.”
“Hey! My name’s Sarah.”
“Hello, I’m Dan.”
“I’m Aisha.”
Introducing Other People
Formal Expressions
Used in official situations,
meetings, or public events.
“May I introduce Mr. Rahman,
our school principal?”
“This is Ms. Sarah Lee, our
new teacher.”
“I’d like you to meet Dr.
Ahmed, the guest speaker.”
“Allow me to introduce Mrs.
Khan.”
Informal
Expressions
Used with friends or casual
settings.
“This is my friend Ali.”
“Meet Sarah.”
“Hey, this is Dan.”
“This is Aisha, my cousin.”
Responding to an Introduction
Formal Responses
“Nice to meet you.”
“Pleased to meet you.”
“It’s a pleasure to meet you.”
Informal Responses
“Nice to meet you!”
“Great to meet you.”
“Hey, nice meeting you.”
Example Dialogues
Formal
A: Good morning. My name is
Mr. Ali Hassan.
B: Good morning. Pleased to
meet you.
Student: Good morning, ma’am.
May I come in?
Teacher: Good morning. Yes,
please come in.
Student: Thank you, ma’am. My
name is Ravi. I am a new student.
Teacher: Nice to meet you,
Ravi. I am Mrs. Sharma, your English teacher.
Student: Nice to meet you too,
ma’am.
Teacher: Which class are you
studying in?
Student: I am studying in
Class 10.
Teacher: Very good. Please
take your seat.
Student: Thank you, ma’am.
Student: Good morning, sir.
Professor: Good morning.
Please introduce yourself.
Student: Thank you, sir. My
name is Ananya Rao. I am a first-year student in the Department of English. I
completed my higher secondary education in Chennai.
Professor: Nice to meet you,
Ananya. What are your areas of interest?
Student: I am interested in
literature and communication skills, sir.
Professor: That’s good. I hope
you will actively participate in class.
Student: Yes, sir. I will do
my best. Thank you.
Professor: Welcome to the
department.
Informal
A: Hi, I’m Ali.
B: Hey Ali, I’m Sam. Nice to
meet you!
Greetings
Formal
(Used in professional,
academic, or respectful situations)
Good morning
Good afternoon
Good evening
Hello
How do you do?
It’s a pleasure to meet you
Nice to meet you
Greetings
I hope you are doing well
Good day
Example:
Good morning, Mr. Johnson. I
hope you are doing well.
Informal Greetings
(Used with friends,
classmates, or people you know well)
Hi
Hey
Hello there
What’s up?
How are you?
How’s it going?
Hey there!
Yo (very casual)
Hiya
What’s going on?
Example:
Hey! How’s it going?
Very Informal /
Slang Greetings
(Use only with close friends)
Sup?
Hey bro
Hey mate
What’s good?
Simple conversation using
greeting expressions:
Person A: Good morning!
Person B: Good morning! How
are you?
Person A: I’m fine, thank you.
And you?
Person B: I’m doing well. Nice
to meet you.
Person A: Nice to meet you
too.
Person B: Have a great day!
Person A: Thank you. You too!
Student: Good morning, ma’am.
Teacher: Good morning. How are
you today?
Student: I’m fine, thank you.
How are you, ma’am?
Teacher: I’m fine too. Are you
ready for the class?
Student: Yes, ma’am.
Teacher: Very good. Please
take your seat.
Student: Thank you, ma’am.
Invitation
Formal
(Used in official, academic,
or professional situations)
I would like to invite you to…
It would be our pleasure if
you could join us for…
We cordially invite you to…
You are warmly invited to
attend…
May I invite you to…
We would be honored by your
presence at…
Example (Formal):
I would like to invite you to
the annual academic conference held on 10th January.
Informal
(Used with friends, family,
classmates)
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to join us for…?
Why don’t you come to…?
How about coming to…?
Let’s go to…
Are you free to join us…?
Example (Informal):
Hey, would you like to come to
my birthday party this evening?
Short Dialogues
Formal Invitation
A: Good morning, sir. We would
like to invite you to our college cultural program.
B: Thank you for the
invitation. I will try to attend.
Informal Invitation
A: Hi! Are you free this
evening?
B: Yes, why?
A: Let’s go for a movie.
B: Sure, that sounds great!
Conversation
Formal
Student: Good morning, sir.
Professor: Good morning.
Student: On behalf of our
department, I would like to invite you to our seminar on Modern Literature.
Professor: Thank you for the
invitation. When is the seminar?
Student: It will be held on
Monday at 10 a.m. in the seminar hall.
Professor: That sounds good. I
will be happy to attend.
Student: Thank you very much,
sir.
Informal
A: Hi! What are you doing this
evening?
B: Nothing much. Why?
A: Would you like to join us
for dinner outside?
B: Sure! I’d love to. What
time?
A: At 7 p.m.
B: Great, see you then!
Making
Request
Informal
(Used with friends,
classmates, family)
Can you help me?
Could you pass me the book?
Will you open the window?
Can I borrow your pen?
Do you mind lending me your
notes?
Please help me with this.
Let me use your phone, please.
Give me a hand with this.
Formal Expressions
(Used in offices, colleges,
official situations)
Could you please help me?
Would you mind opening the
window?
May I request your assistance?
I would appreciate it if you
could help me.
Would it be possible for you
to send the report today?
May I kindly ask you to
explain this point?
Could you please grant me
permission to leave early?
I would be grateful if you
could consider my request.
Polite Responses to Requests
Accepting
Sure.
Of course.
Certainly.
Yes, I’d be happy to.
No problem at all.
Refusing (Politely)
I’m sorry, I can’t right now.
I’m afraid that won’t be
possible.
I’m sorry, I’m a bit busy at
the moment.
Perhaps later?
Conversation
Formal
Student: Good morning, sir.
May I come in?
Professor: Good morning. Yes,
please come in.
Student: Sir, I would like to
request an extension for submitting my internal assignment.
Professor: What is the reason
for the delay?
Student: I was unwell last
week and could not complete the work on time. I would appreciate it if you
could grant me two more days.
Professor: I understand. Have
you completed most of the assignment?
Student: Yes, sir. I have
completed almost eighty percent of it.
Professor: All right. You may
submit it by Friday.
Student: Thank you very much,
sir. I’m really grateful.
Professor: Make sure you don’t
delay again.
Student: Certainly, sir. I’ll
be careful.
(Outside the classroom)
Student: Excuse me, could you
help me for a moment?
Classmate: Sure. What do you
need?
Student: Would you mind
sharing your reference list for the assignment?
Classmate: Not at all. I’ll
send it to you on WhatsApp.
Student: That would be very
helpful. Thank you so much.
Classmate: You’re welcome.
(In the library)
Student: Excuse me, ma’am.
Could you please help me locate this journal?
Librarian: Let me see. Which
subject is it related to?
Student: English literature,
ma’am—postcolonial studies.
Librarian: You’ll find it in
the reference section, third rack.
Student: Thank you very much,
ma’am. May I also request permission to use the computer for some time?
Librarian: Yes, but only for
thirty minutes.
Student: That’s perfectly
fine. I appreciate your help.
Librarian: You’re welcome.
(Later, with classmates)
Student: Would it be possible
for us to meet tomorrow to discuss the presentation?
Classmate 1: I’m free after 3
p.m.
Classmate 2: I’m sorry, I have
another class then. Could we meet a little later?
Student: Of course. Shall we
meet at 4 p.m.?
Classmate 2: That works for
me.
Classmate 1: Yes, that’s fine.
Student: Great. Thank you all
for your cooperation.
Classmates: No problem.
Offering Help
Informal
Expressions
(Used with friends,
classmates, family)
Can I help you?
Do you need any help?
Shall I help you with this?
Want me to carry that for you?
Let me help you.
I’ll help you with your
homework.
Don’t worry, I’ll take care of
it.
Need a hand?
Formal Expressions
(Used in college, office,
official situations)
May I help you?
Would you like some
assistance?
Shall I assist you with this
task?
Please let me know if I can be
of any help.
I’d be happy to help you.
If you require any assistance,
please inform me.
Would you like me to help you
with this?
Allow me to assist you.
Responding to an Offer of Help
Accepting
Yes, please.
Thank you, that would be very
helpful.
I’d appreciate that.
Yes, I would like some help.
Politely Declining
Thank you, but I can manage.
That’s very kind of you, but
I’m fine.
I appreciate the offer, but I
don’t need help right now
Conversation
Student A: Hi, you look a bit
worried. Is everything okay?
Student B: I’m struggling with
this seminar presentation. I’m not sure how to organize it.
Student A: Would you like some
help with it?
Student B: Yes, please. That
would be really helpful.
Student A: I can help you
prepare the introduction and conclusion if you want.
Student B: That sounds great.
Thank you so much.
Student A: No problem. Shall I
also help you with the PowerPoint slides?
Student B: If you don’t mind,
yes. I’m not very confident with PPTs.
Student A: Don’t worry. I’ll
show you a simple format.
Student B: I really appreciate
your help.
(Later, in the library)
Student A: May I help you find
any reference books?
Student B: Actually, yes. I’m
looking for books on modern Indian literature.
Student A: I’d be happy to
help you. They’re available in the third section.
Student B: Thank you. That’s
very kind of you.
Student A: If you need any
more assistance, please let me know.
Student B: Sure. Thanks again.
Seeking Permission
Formal Expressions
(Polite / Official)
These are used in classrooms,
offices, official meetings, emails, or with elders.
May I have your permission
to…?
May I be allowed to…?
Could I please…?
Would you mind if I…?
I would like to request
permission to…
Is it possible for me to…?
I seek your permission to…
Kindly allow me to…
With your permission, may I…?
I hope it would be acceptable
if I…
Examples:
May I have your permission to
leave early today, sir?
I would like to request
permission to submit the assignment tomorrow.
Informal
Expressions (Casual / Friendly)
These are used with friends,
classmates, siblings, or people of the same age group.
Can I…?
Is it okay if I…?
Do you mind if I…?
Can I just…?
Would it be okay to…?
Can I go ahead and…?
Is it fine if I…?
Examples:
Can I borrow your notes?
Is it okay if I sit here?
Very Polite / Soft
Permission (Semi-formal)
Used when you want to sound
respectful but not too official.
Could I possibly…?
Would it be alright if I…?
Do you think I could…?
May I just…?
Examples:
Would it be alright if I asked
you a question?
Could I possibly leave a
little early today?
Conversation
1. Formal Conversation
(Student–Teacher)
Student: Good morning, sir.
Teacher: Good morning. What is
it?
Student: Sir, may I have your
permission to leave the class ten minutes early today?
Teacher: What is the reason?
Student: I have a medical
appointment at the hospital, sir.
Teacher: I see. Did you inform
the class representative?
Student: Yes, sir. I have
already informed her.
Teacher: All right. You may
leave early, but make sure you complete today’s notes.
Student: Thank you very much,
sir.
Teacher: You’re welcome.
2. Semi-Formal Conversation
(College Office)
Student: Excuse me, madam.
Clerk: Yes, how can I help
you?
Student: Madam, I would like
to request permission to submit my application tomorrow.
Clerk: Why can’t you submit it
today?
Student: I am missing one
document, madam. I will bring it tomorrow morning.
Clerk: That’s fine. You may
submit it before noon.
Student: Thank you, madam. I
really appreciate it.
Clerk: You’re welcome.
3. Informal Conversation
(Friends)
Ravi: Hey, can I borrow your
laptop for an hour?
Arun: Sure. What do you need
it for?
Ravi: I have to finish my
presentation.
Arun: No problem. Just be
careful with it.
Ravi: Of course. Thanks a lot!
Arun: Anytime.
4. Informal Conversation
(Classmates)
Anita: Is it okay if I sit
next to you?
Meena: Yes, of course. Go
ahead.
Anita: Thanks. Can I also look
at your notes from yesterday’s class?
Meena: Sure, but give them
back by evening.
Anita: No problem. Thank you!
Expressing Gratitude
Formal Expressions
(Polite / Official)
(Used in academic,
professional, or official situations)
Thank you very much.
Thank you for your kind
assistance.
I am grateful to you for…
I sincerely appreciate your
help.
Many thanks to you.
I would like to express my
sincere thanks to…
I truly appreciate your
support.
I am obliged to you.
Much appreciated.
With sincere thanks.
Examples:
Thank you very much for your
guidance, sir.
I sincerely appreciate your
timely help.
Semi-Formal
Expressions
(Used in college, workplace,
or respectful conversations)
Thank you so much.
I really appreciate it.
Thanks a lot.
Many thanks.
Much thanks for your help.
I appreciate your time and
effort.
Examples:
Thank you so much for helping
me with the project.
I really appreciate your sup…
Conversations:
1. Formal Conversation
(Student–Teacher)
Student: Good afternoon, sir.
Teacher: Good afternoon. Yes?
Student: Sir, thank you very
much for your guidance on my project. It really helped me improve my work.
Teacher: I’m glad to hear
that. You’ve done well.
Student: I sincerely
appreciate your time and support, sir.
Teacher: You’re welcome. Keep
up the good work.
Student: Thank you once again,
sir.
2. Semi-Formal Conversation
(College Office)
Student: Good morning, madam.
Clerk: Good morning. How can I
help you?
Student: Madam, thank you for
assisting me with the scholarship application.
Clerk: It’s no problem at all.
Did you submit all the documents?
Student: Yes, madam. I really
appreciate your help and patience.
Clerk: That’s good. You’ll be
informed soon.
Student: Thank you very much,
madam.
3. Informal Conversation
(Friends)
Asha: Hey, thanks a lot for
lending me your notes yesterday.
Neha: No worries! Did they
help?
Asha: Yes, they did. I really
appreciate it.
Neha: Anytime. That’s what
friends are for.
Asha: Thanks again!
4. Informal Conversation
(Classmates)
Rahul: Thanks a ton for
helping me with the presentation.
Kiran: It was nothing. You did
most of the work.
Rahul: Still, I really
appreciate your support.
Kiran: Glad I could help.
Rahul: Thanks, buddy!
Persuading
Formal Persuading
Expressions
(Used in academic,
professional, or official contexts)
I strongly believe that…
I would like to suggest that…
May I draw your attention to…
It would be beneficial if…
I respectfully request you to
consider…
I am confident that this will
be advantageous.
I would urge you to consider…
Allow me to explain why this
is important.
I hope you will agree that…
I assure you that this
decision will yield positive results.
In my considered opinion…
I request you to kindly
reconsider your decision.
Example (Formal):
I respectfully request you to
consider extending the deadline, as it would benefit all students.
Informal
Persuading Expressions
(Used with friends, family,
classmates)
Why don’t you…?
How about…?
You should really…
Trust me, it’ll be great.
Come on, give it a try.
I think it’s a good idea to…
Don’t you think it would be
better if…?
Let’s try this.
It might be better to…
You won’t regret it.
Example (Informal):
Come on, join us for the
trip—you’ll really enjoy it!
Very Informal /
Casual Persuasion
(Spoken English)
Go for it!
Give it a shot!
Just try it once.
You’ve got nothing to lose.
It’s worth it!
Conversation
Formal Conversation (Student –
Teacher)
Student: Good morning, Madam.
May I have a moment of your time?
Teacher: Yes, please go ahead.
Student: I respectfully
request you to consider extending the assignment deadline.
Teacher: Why do you think it
is necessary?
Student: I strongly believe
that an extension of two days would help us improve the quality of our work.
Teacher: Many students have
already submitted it.
Student: I understand that,
Madam. However, it would be beneficial if those facing genuine difficulties are
given a little more time.
Teacher: That seems
reasonable.
Student: Thank you very much
for your understanding.
Teacher: I will consider your
request.
Informal Conversation (Friends)
Asha: I’m not sure whether I
should join the seminar tomorrow.
Ravi: Come on, you should
really attend it.
Asha: Is it that useful?
Ravi: Trust me, it’ll be
great. The speaker is excellent.
Asha: I’m still thinking about
it.
Ravi: Why don’t you give it a
try? You won’t regret it.
Asha: Alright, you’ve
convinced me!
Ravi: Great! Let’s go
together.
Expressing Sympathy
Formal Expressions
of Sympathy
(Used in official, academic,
or respectful situations)
I am deeply sorry to hear
about your loss.
Please accept my sincere
condolences.
I extend my heartfelt sympathy
to you and your family.
I was saddened to learn of
your unfortunate situation.
My thoughts and prayers are
with you.
I offer my deepest sympathy
during this difficult time.
Kindly accept my heartfelt
condolences.
I sympathize with you in your
time of sorrow.
I am truly sorry for your
hardship.
May you find strength and
comfort during this period.
Example (Formal):
Please accept my sincere
condolences on the passing of your father.
Informal
Expressions of Sympathy
(Used with friends, relatives,
or classmates)
I’m so sorry to hear that.
That’s really sad.
I feel so sorry for you.
That must be very difficult
for you.
I can’t imagine how hard this
is for you.
I’m here for you.
Please take care of yourself.
Sending you my love.
Stay strong.
Example (Informal):
I’m so sorry you’re going
through this. I’m here if you need anything.
Very Casual /
Spoken Sympathy
Oh no, that’s terrible.
That’s so sad to hear.
Poor you.
Hugs to you
Conversation
Formal Conversation (Teacher –
Student)
Student: Good morning, Sir.
Teacher: Good morning. You
look disturbed.
Student: Sir, I could not
attend the classes last week. My grandmother passed away.
Teacher: I am deeply sorry to
hear about your loss.
Student: Thank you, Sir.
Teacher: Please accept my
sincere condolences. Take your time and take care of yourself.
Student: I am very grateful
for your understanding.
Teacher: If you need any
academic support, feel free to approach me.
Informal Conversation
(Friends)
Meena: I heard about your
accident. Are you okay now?
Riya: I’m better, but it was
really frightening.
Meena: I’m so sorry to hear
that. That must have been very difficult for you.
Riya: Yes, it was.
Meena: Don’t worry. I’m here
for you. Please take care and rest well.
Riya: Thank you so much. That
really means a lot.
Making Suggestion
Formal Expressions for Making
Suggestions
(Used in academic,
professional, or official situations)
I would like to suggest that…
I suggest that we consider…
It might be advisable to…
I recommend that…
Perhaps we could consider…
It would be better if…
I propose that…
May I suggest…?
In my opinion, it would be
appropriate to…
I believe it would be
beneficial to…
Example (Formal):
I would like to suggest that
the meeting be postponed to next week.
Informal
Expressions for Making Suggestions
(Used with friends,
classmates, or family)
Why don’t we…?
How about…?
Let’s…
What about…?
You could…
Maybe we should…
Why not…?
Shall we…?
Example (Informal):
How about going to the library
after class?
Conversation
Formal Conversation (Office /
Meeting)
Manager: We have been facing
delays in project submission.
Employee: I would like to
suggest that we revise the current schedule.
Manager: What do you propose?
Employee: Perhaps we could
consider weekly progress reviews.
Manager: That sounds
reasonable.
Employee: I believe it would
be beneficial to allocate tasks more clearly.
Manager: Thank you for the
suggestion. We will implement it.
Informal Conversation
(Friends)
Anu: I’m feeling bored this
evening.
Kiran: Why don’t we watch a
movie?
Anu: That’s a good idea.
Kiran: Or how about going for
a walk first?
Anu: Sure! Let’s do that.
Kiran: Great! I’ll call the
others too.
Asking for Information
Formal Expressions
(Polite & Professional)
Could you please provide
information about…?
I would like to know more
about…
May I have some information
regarding…?
Could you clarify the details
of…?
I would appreciate it if you
could inform me about…
Would you mind explaining…?
Could you kindly let me know…?
May I enquire about…?
I am writing to ask about…
Could you give me further
details concerning…?
Informal
Expressions (Casual & Friendly)
Can you tell me about…?
Do you know anything about…?
What’s this about?
Can you explain this to me?
What does this mean?
Any idea about…?
What’s going on with…?
Can you give me more details?
I was wondering about…
What’s the deal with…?
Very Informal /
Spoken English
What’s this?
What’s that about?
What do you mean?
Huh? Can you say that again?
What’s happening?
What’s up with…?
Conversation
Formal Conversation
(Student–Teacher)
Student: Excuse me, ma’am. May
I enquire about the internal assessment marks?
Teacher: Certainly. The marks
will be uploaded by tomorrow.
Student: Thank you, ma’am. I
would also like to know the criteria for evaluation.
Teacher: It is based on
attendance, assignments, and tests.
Student: I appreciate the
information, ma’am.
Formal Conversation (Office /
Institution)
Visitor: Good morning. Could
you please provide information regarding the admission process?
Clerk: Good morning. You can
collect the application form from the counter.
Visitor: May I know the last
date for submission?
Clerk: The last date is the
30th of this month.
Visitor: Thank you very much.
Informal Conversation
(Friends)
Ravi: Hey, can you tell me
about today’s class?
Amit: Sure. The teacher
discussed the next unit.
Ravi: Oh, okay. What does the
assignment involve?
Amit: We have to submit a
short presentation.
Ravi: Thanks for letting me
know.
Informal Conversation (At
Home)
Daughter: Mom, what’s this
letter about?
Mother: It’s about your
scholarship renewal.
Daughter: When do I need to
submit the documents?
Mother: By the end of this
week.
Daughter: Okay, thanks!
Asking for Preference
Formal Expressions
(Polite / Professional)
May I know your preference
regarding…?
Could you please let me know
which you prefer?
Would you prefer… or …?
May I ask which option you
would like?
What would be your preference
in this matter?
Could you indicate your
choice, please?
I would like to know your
preferred option.
Do you have any particular
preference for…?
Which would you find more
suitable?
Kindly inform us of your
preference.
Informal
Expressions (Casual / Friendly)
Which do you prefer?
What do you like better?
Do you like this or that?
What’s your choice?
Which one do you want?
What are you in the mood for?
What do you feel like having?
Any preference?
What’s your pick?
What would you rather have?
Very Informal /
Spoken English
This or that?
What do you want?
Which one?
Your choice?
What feels right?
Conversation
Formal Conversation (Office /
Academic Setting)
Professor: May I know your
preference regarding the seminar topic?
Student: Certainly, sir. I
would prefer to work on postcolonial literature.
Professor: Would you prefer to
present individually or as a group?
Student: I would prefer an
individual presentation, sir.
Professor: Very well. Please
submit your proposal by Friday.
Student: Thank you, sir.
Formal Conversation (Service /
Institution)
Receptionist: Could you please
let me know your preferred appointment time?
Client: I would prefer a
morning slot, if possible.
Receptionist: Would you prefer
Monday or Wednesday?
Client: Wednesday would be
more convenient for me.
Receptionist: Noted. Thank
you.
Informal Conversation
(Friends)
Anu: What do you feel like
watching today?
Meena: I’d rather watch a
comedy.
Anu: Okay. Do you prefer going
to the theatre or watching at home?
Meena: Watching at home sounds
better.
Anu: Great, let’s do that!
Informal Conversation (Family)
Father: What would you like
for dinner tonight?
Son: I prefer dosa.
Father: Plain dosa or masala
dosa?
Son: Masala dosa, please.
Father: Alright.
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