The Diviners is a Kunstlerroman Novel (Margaret Laurence)

 

The Diviners is a 1974 kunstlerroman, or novel about the writing of a novel, by Canadian author Margaret Laurence. The semi-autobiographical narrative follows the life and memories of Morag Gunn, a writer and single mother who grew up in Manawaka, Manitoba, and her struggle to understand and accept her identity. Laurence is considered one of Canada’s greatest writers. The Diviners is the fifth book in her “Manawaka” series of books set in or around the fictional town, including The Stone Angel and A Jest of God. In 1972, Laurence was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. She died of lung cancer in 1987.

The novel opens with a section titled “River of Now and Then.” Morag, 47, wakes up in her Ontario log cabin to discover her 18-year-old daughter, Pique, is gone. She has left a note behind asking her mother not to worry or “get uptight.” Pique, who is Metis, of mixed First Nations ancestry, has headed West in search of her roots. The note unlocks Morag’s own memories of when she was Pique’s age and headed East from her Manitoba hometown, looking for her own identity. Morag searches her house for photographs from her childhood, ones she has treated carelessly over the years but has never been able to throw away.

In the next section, “The Nuisance Grounds,” the narrative flashes back to Morag’s early years. Both her parents died of polio when she was young, and she was taken from her comfortable upper-middle-class home to a poor foster family in Manawaka. Her foster parents, Christie and Prin Logan, loved and raised her, but she treated them with contempt, looking down on their lack of education and impoverished circumstances. Christie was the town “scavenger,” or trash collector, taking the town’s refuse to the dump, which the town referred to as ‘The Nuisance Grounds’. Christie proves a natural storyteller, and furnishes Morag with made-up stories about her ancestors. He tells her tales of a Scottish hero named Piper Gunn, claiming that he is Morag’s ancestor several generations back. Piper’s exploits are actually based on the real history of Archie MacDonald, but Morag will not learn the truth until much later. Piper’s wife is also named Morag, and this ancestor helps give Christie’s untethered foster daughter a sense of identity and belonging. She believes her past and her people were rich and respectable—that they, not the Logans, represent who she is and where she comes from.

The next section, “Halls of Sion,” sees Morag escaping Manawaka as soon as she can for university in Winnipeg. She marries a professor 15 years her senior, Brooke Skelton, and moves to Toronto. The marriage is not a happy one. Brooke is pessimistic and controlling. Morag wants children, but Brooke tells her the world is too harsh to bring a child into. He ridicules her attempts to write. He confines and restricts her. One night, Morag encounters a childhood friend, Jules “Skinner” Tonnerre, who is Metis, on the street. She invites him in for dinner only for Brooke to insult him. In response, Morag leaves the house with Jules and has a three-week affair with him without protection, hoping she will become pregnant. She does, and it ends her marriage.

The final section, “Rites of Passage,” shows Morag as a writer and single mother. She moves first to Vancouver, where she writes her first novel, “Spear of Innocence”, and gives birth to her daughter, Pique. Jules is rarely present in their lives, though he stays with Morag for two months when Pique is five. Jules and Morag are drawn to each other through their shared sense of alienation from their hometown and their ongoing search for acceptance and belonging. As a “half-breed,” Jules has always been looked down upon, considered inferior for his racial heritage. He tells stories of his Metis ancestors that rewrite history, just as Christie did with his stories of Morag’s fictionalized ancestors.

Jules leaves and Morag moves to England with Pique, hoping she will find a community of like-minded writers to thrive in. But reality does not match her imagination, and she is as lonely as ever in her new home.

Eventually she returns to Canada, to the log cabin home at where the novel begins. She goes on a journey to Scotland as well, in search of her ancestors, but does not actually travel to Sutherland, where her people came from. She realizes that Manawaka is her true home, and returns there to find that Christie is dying. She tells him that he has been a father to her. More than that, her true heritage is not Scottish but Canadian. Pique returns home after her own search for identity. Her relationship with Morag is sometimes uneasy, but they reconcile. Morag returns to her log cabin home and finishes her novel.

The Diviners was a controversial book when it was first published. It continues to be challenged and banned from school districts for perceived coarse language and blasphemy. Despite this, it is widely considered a classic of Canadian literature. In 1993, it was adapted into a popular made-for-TV movie starring Sonja Smits and Tom Jackson.